Ontario Operator-in-Training (OIT) Practice Exam

What differentiates organic compounds from inorganic compounds?

1. Organic compounds contain no carbon

2. Organic compounds are always synthetic

3. Organic compounds are centered on carbon

4. Inorganic compounds are exclusively liquids

The correct answer is: Organic compounds are centered on carbon

The distinction between organic and inorganic compounds primarily hinges on the presence and role of carbon. Organic compounds are defined by their structure, which centers around carbon atoms. Carbon's ability to form four covalent bonds allows for the creation of a vast array of complex molecules, which is a hallmark of organic chemistry. These compounds often include functional groups that give them specific chemical properties and reactivity. The other choices do not accurately reflect the characteristics of organic compounds. For instance, while inorganic compounds can indeed contain carbon (as seen in carbides or carbonates), the defining aspect of organic compounds remains their carbon-centered structure. Organic compounds can also be both naturally occurring and synthetic, contradicting the idea that they are always synthetic. Lastly, inorganic compounds can exist in solid, liquid, or gaseous states, and are not limited to being liquids. Understanding these distinctions is crucial in the study of chemistry, particularly in identifying the different classifications of compounds and their functionalities.